APA 7 Quick Charts
| Heading level | Style |
|---|---|
| Level 1 |
Centered, Bolded, Capitalized like a book title Text begins as a new paragraph |
| Level 2 |
Left aligned, Bolded, Capitalized like a book title Text begins as a new paragraph. |
| Level 3 |
Left aligned, Bolded, Italicized, Capitalized like a book title Text begins as a new paragraph. |
| Level 4 | Indented once, Bolded, Capitalized like book title, Ending with a period.Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph. |
| Level 5 | Indented once, Bolded Italic, Capitalized like book title, Ending with a period.Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph. |
| Author | Parenthetical citation | Narrative citation |
|---|---|---|
| One author | (Lee, 2020) | Lee (2020) |
| Two authors | (Lee & Richards, 2016) | Lee and Richards (2016) |
| Three or more authors | (Lee et al., 2016) | Lee et al. (2016) |
| Group author with abbreviation, first citation | (Center for Disease Control [CDC], 2002) | The Center for Disease Control (CDC, 2002) |
| Group author with abbreviation, second citation | (CDC, 2002) | The CDC (2002) |
| Group author without abbreviation | (University of Minnesota, 2007) | The University of Minnesota (2007) |
| Missing element | Solution | Reference list entry | In-text citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nothing | Use the author, date, title, and source of work. | Author. (Date). Title. Source. |
(Author, Year) Author (Year) |
| Author | Use the title, date, and source. | Title. (Date). Source. |
(Title, Year) Title (Year) |
| Date | Use the author, write “n.d.” for “no date,” and then use the title and source. | Author. (n.d.). Title. Source. |
(Author, n.d.) Author (n.d.) |
| Title | Use the author and date, describe the work in square brackets, and then provide the source. | Author. (Date). [Description of work]. Source. |
(Author, Year) Author (Year) |
| Author and date | Use the title, write “n.d.” for “no date” and then the source. | Title. (n.d.). Source. |
(Title, n.d.) Title (n.d.) |
| Author and title | Describe the work in square brackets, and then provide the source. | [Description of work]. (Date). Source. |
([Description of work], Year) [Description of work] (Year) |
| Date and title | Use the author, write “n.d.” for “no date,” describe the work in square brackets, and then the source. | Author. (n.d.). [Description of work]. Source. |
(Author, n.d.) Author (n.d.) |
| Date and title | Describe the work in square brackets, write “n.d.” for “no date” and then the source. | Description of work]. (n.d.). Source. |
([Description of work], n.d.) [Description of work] (n.d.) |