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For many, the holiday season is a time of closeness with those you love, a time of meaningful reflection and a season of unforgettable moments. Unfortunately, this time of celebration and closeness can also create several stressors. Although stressors during the holiday season can be a universal experience, overwhelming stress could result in an increase of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration (Keilholtz et al., 2023).

Several stressors can contribute to the exacerbation of domestic violence during the holiday season. An initial factor can be increased financial strain due to expenses related to gift-giving, travel, or even social gatherings. In a household already facing economic hardships, the financial obligations of the holiday season can intensify tension and conflict. Subsequently, the holiday season is also a time many spend with close family, which unfortunately can allow for familial conflicts to arise or be heighten.

Another consideration is the increased alcohol consumption associated with holiday events, which can serve as a risk factor for violent behaviors, due to impaired judgment, reduced impulse control and lower inhibitions. In 2025, Shorey et al. found that the potential for IPV perpetration increases when both partners are drinking alcohol.

Finally, the limited access to supportive services and support networks during the holiday season can further isolate victims, increasing vulnerability. It is crucial to remember that the stress of the holiday season does not cause someone to become violent, but these stressors can heighten existing pressures that can contribute to abusive behaviors within the home.

For victims of domestic violence, the holiday season can also require the pressures of putting on a “happy face." When spending time with those close to you this holiday season, be mindful of potential indicators of domestic violence. Some possible signs of domestic violence and IPV can include unexplained injuries, excessive fearfulness around a partner, verbal abuse, controlling behaviors, isolation and avoidance of social events, and threats or acts of violence. Awareness and sensitivity are crucial when addressing potential abuse, especially during the high-stress holiday period.

About the authors

Pamela Payne, Ph.D., CFLE, is an associate professor in the College of Education & Human Development and with Extension, as part of the College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources. She is the lead on a $1 million grant for the Extension Hope for Family Resilience program, which provides in-depth education on domestic violence advocacy and training for professionals working with domestic violence. She also is the president-elect of the National Council on Family Relations’ Board of Directors.

Hannah Ortega is an instructor for the Hope for Family Resilience program, with a background in the non-profit sector, holding a bachelor’s degree in psychology and a master’s degree in criminal justice. She is a credentialed advocate and trained forensic interviewer. Ortega specializes in supporting trauma-impacted populations. 

Keilholtz, B. M., Spencer, C. M., & Stith, S. M. (2023). Common Life Stressors as Risk Markers for Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-analysis.

National Domestic Violence Hotline. (n.d.). National Domestic Violence Hotline.

Shorey, R. C., Dunsiger, S. I., & Stuart, G. L. (2025). Alcohol use as a predictor of intimate partner violence in emerging adulthood: A dyadic daily diary investigation. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 120(1), 77–85.