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Mathematics Standards and Technology Goals

These standards are based largely on the Summer 2006 Nevada Mathematics Standards for the grade levels program participants will enter in the fall. Applicable Nevada Mathematics Standards appear in parentheses behind bulleted entries. In addition to the major content and process standards listed below, program participants gain some spatial experience, as well as information about historical and/or contemporary women in mathematics and computer science.

Content Standards: Year 1 Campers (entering grade 7)

Data Analysis and Probability

• Formulate questions that guide data collection. Collect data for specific purposes using appropriate methods. Organize, display, and read data using appropriate tabular and graphical representations (with and without technology). Interpret data representations to describe patterns, trends, and data distribution, as well as to interpolate and extrapolate to make predictions. (5.7.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.6)
• Analyze the effect a change of scale intervals and use of different graphical representations will have on reading and interpreting statistical charts and graphs. (5.7.3)
• Find the number of permutations possible for an event in mathematical and practical situations. (5.7.4)
• Find the theoretical probability of an event using different counting methods, including sample spaces, and compare that probability with experimental results obtained through physical experimentation. Represent the probability of an event as a number between 0 and 1. (5.7.5)

Geometry and Measurement

• Identify, describe, and construct parallel lines, perpendicular lines, bisectors, and congruent angles. (4.7.6, 4.7.8).
• Identify, classify, compare, and construct regular and irregular polygons. Find the sum of the measures of interior angles of polygons. Make models of three-dimensional figures from two-dimensional drawings and vice-versa. Identify, describe/define, and count faces, edges, and vertices (vertexes). (4.7.1, 4.7.4)
• Find the measures of missing angles and sides in polygons; include use of the Pythagorean Theorem. Find volume and surface area of solids using informal methods and formulas. Estimate geometric measures, especially in the real world, and solve mathematical and practical measurement problems. (3.7.3, 4.7.7)
• Identify and describe similar and congruent figures. Explore relationships between similar figures. Make scale drawings and solve mathematical and practical problems using ratios and proportions. (3.7.5, 4.7.2)
• Demonstrate translation, reflection, and rotation. Describe the location of the original figure and its transformation. (Include use of models and coordinate geometry.) (4.7.3)

Content Standards: Year 2 Campers (entering grade 8)

Geometry and Measurement

• Construct geometric figures using a variety of tools. Form generalizations and validate conclusions about geometric figures and their properties. Represent logical relationships using conditional statements. (4.8.6, 4.8.8, 4.8.9)
• Find the sum of the measures of interior angles of polygons. Explore, formalize, and apply to mathematical and/or practical situations the properties of triangles. Demonstrate and explain the Pythagorean Theorem using various methods (including physical models). Solve problems involving missing angles and sides on polygons, including right triangles. (4.8.1, 4.8.7)
• Explain the impact of changes in a dimension of a figure on its perimeter, area, and volume. (3.8.3)
• Estimate and convert units of measure for volume within the same measurement system (customary and metric). (3.8.1)
• Solve ratio and proportion problems involving similar and congruent figures and rates. Demonstrate dilation, describing the relationship between an original figure and its transformation/dilation (include use of coordinate geometry and models). (3.8.5, 4.8.2, 4.8.3)
• Calculate slope, midpoint, and distance using equations and formulas (with and without technology). Determine the x- and y-intercepts of a line. (4.8.5)
• Demonstrate an understanding of precision, error, and tolerance when using appropriate measurement tools. (3.8.2)

Algebra

• Find a missing term in, describe, and extend a numerical sequence or a pictorial representation of a sequence (with and without technology). (2.8.1)
• Identify, model, describe, and evaluate functions (with and without technology). Translate among verbal, graphical, tabular, and algebraic representations of mathematical situations (with and without technology). (2.8.4)
• Evaluate formulas and algebraic expressions using rational numbers (with and without technology). Solve and graphically represent equations and inequalities in one variable, including absolute value. (2.8.2)
• Add and subtract binomials. (2.8.3)
• Solve linear equations and represent the solutions graphically. Solve inequalities and represent the solutions on a number line. (2.8.5)
• Describe how changes in the value of one variable affect the values of the other variables in a relation. (2.8.6)

Process Standards (All Campers)

Problem Solving

• Generalize solutions and apply previous knowledge to a variety of mathematical and everyday problem-solving situations.
• Determine an efficient strategy, verify, interpret, and evaluate the results with respect to the original problem.
• Apply problem-solving strategies until a solution is found or it is clear that no solution exists. Identify necessary and extraneous information.
• Apply technology as a tool in problem-solving situations.
• Develop one's own well-designed, age-appropriate mathematical and practical problems.

Mathematical Communication

• Translate information into mathematical language, symbols, and relationships.
• Model and explain mathematical relationships using oral, written, graphical, and symbolic methods.
• Use oral and written everyday and mathematical language to discuss mathematical ideas, such as strategies for and answers to mathematical problems.
• Read a variety of fiction and nonfiction texts to explore and acquire mathematical concepts and facts.

Mathematical Reasoning

• Exercise inductive and deductive reasoning appropriately.
• Evaluate and refine assumptions and steps used to derive conclusions in mathematical arguments.
• Justify answers and problem-solution processes using physical, pictorial, and symbolic models.
• Pose relevant questions to peers regarding their mathematical reasoning processes and conclusions.

Mathematical Connections

• Link new concepts to prior knowledge.
• Identify and explain connections among different mathematical ideas, including those from different topic areas. Use these connections to develop multiple approaches to solving problems.
• Explain relationships between concepts and procedures using physical and pictorial models.
• Apply mathematical thinking and modeling to solving problems in other disciplines.
• Identify and explain mathematical situations in everyday life; apply mathematics to everyday situations.

Technology Use Goals (All Campers)

Calculators and Computers

• Acquire skill in the technical aspects of technology use.
• Use technology as a tool for learning mathematics.