GEOTHERMAL GIS for the GREAT BASIN and NEVADA

ArcView 3.3, Lambert Projection

version 01, 12 Sept. 2003

Data Download and Documentation Page

This is an ArcView 3.3-compatible database with 23 layers of geological, geophysical, geochemical, and base information relevant to geothermal systems in the Great Basin and Nevada. Included is an ArcView project file (webgbc_2.apr) that contains each layer pre-loaded with an example display legend (*.avl) for each layer. The project file is designed to work if the database is unzipped into the root directory of a "D" drive. If unzipped in another location, the "webgbc_2.apr" file can be edited in a text editor and the string "D:/webgbc_2" replaced with the new string ..."X:/xxx/webgbc_2".

Requires ArcView 3.x and the Spatial Analyst extension in order to view shapefiles and grids. The ArcView project can be converted to run in an ArcGIS environment. Grid files are stored in individual directories, to make them more easily exportable (if the entire folder is copied).

For more information see:
database organization and documentation
and
map projection and datum.

GIS DATABASE DOWNLOAD (zipped file)

MAP PROJECTION AND DATUM

LAMBERT:

Longitude of Central Meridian: -117°

Latitude of Projection Origin: 0°

Latitude of 1st Standard Parallel: 33°

Latitude of 2nd Standard Parallel: 45°

False Easting: 0.0

False Northing: 0.0

Datum: NAD27

DATABASE ORGANIZATION AND DOCUMENTATION

Layers in the database are represented as shapefiles (vector files), grids (raster files), or images.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

1) BASE MAPS

gb_counties (shapefile): counties in the Great Basin

gb_inver (shapefile): inverted mask of the Great Basin with a 70 km buffer

nv_inver (shapefile): inverted mask of the state of Nevada

nv_roads (shapefile): roads in Nevada

States (shapefile): states in the western United States

Topo_Sun (ESRI integer grid: grey-scale shaded topography (from Mark Mihalasky)

Gb_gtopo30_lambert (TIFF image): color-shaded topography (from Gary Oppliger)

2) GEOLOGY

Faults

yngft.shp (shapefile): Young faults in Nevada mapped by Dohrenwend, NBMG (from USGS DDS-41)

Rocks

nvcinder.shp (shapefile): Cinder cones 0-6 Ma in age in Nevada

rad_age.shp (shapefile): Radiometric age dates from Mihalasky, USGS DDS-41

3) GEOPHYSICS

GPS

gpspts02.shp (shapefile): GPS stations used to interpolate GPS strain grids "2nd_Inv", "ExtMax", and "ShearMax"

2nd_Inv (grid): 2nd Invariant of the GPS-derived crustal strain rate

ExtMax (grid): Maximum likelihood strain rate perpendicular to Quaternary fault fabric, based on GPS stations.

ShearMax (grid): Shear component of strain rate perpendicular to Quaternary fault fabric, based on GPS stations

Gravity

GBshall (grid): Shallow crustal isostatic gravity anomaly for the Great Basin, compiled by Gary Oppliger

NBMGiso (grid): Basement isostatic residual gravity field for Nevada

Quakes

Moment1 (grid): Earthquake moment release map for the Great Basin

4) GEOTHERMAL

economic.shp (shapefile): Location of economic or subeconomic geothermal systems in Nevada

geoHGB_0.shp (shapefile): Geo-Heat Center fluid geochemical database for the Great Basin

geosysNV.shp (shapefile): Geothermal systems in Nevada with geothermometry (special file modified for spatial statistics).

power_plants.shp (shapefile): Geothermal power plants in the Great Basin

5) GROUNDWATER

nwis_depth_NV.shp (shapefile): Depth to water table in wells in Nevada from the NWIS database

6) PREDICTIVE MODELS

NV_LR5 (grid): Five-layer logistic regression model, predicting geothermal favorability independent of groundwater features

Documentation for Layers in the Great Basin Geothermal GIS:

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gb_counties (shapefile):

Title: Counties of the Great Basin.

Description: This shapefile contains county boundaries within the Great Basin, clipped by the hydrologic boundary of the Great Basin. It is meant to serve as a display and location aid for geothermal features.

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gb_inver (shapefile):

Title: Inverted polygon of the Great Basin (with a 70km buffer).

Description: This inverted polygon serves as a display aid. If this polygon is placed at the top of the table of contents, it will screen out map information lying outside this buffered Great Basin boundary.

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nv_inver (shapefile):

Title: Inverted polygon of the state of Nevada.

Description: This inverted polygon serves as a display aid. If this polygon is placed at the top of the table of contents, it will screen out map information lying outside the state of Nevada.

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nv_roads (shapefile):

Title: Major roads in the state of Nevada.

Description: This shapefile contains major roads within the State of Nevada. The road set is meant to serve as a location and display aid for geothermal data.

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Western States (shapefile):

Title: Western States

Description: This shapefile contains those western States that contain portions of the Great Basin.

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Topo_Sun (grid):

Title: Gray-shaded topographic shaded releif map of the Great Basin.

Description:

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Gb_gtopo30_lambert (tiff image):

Title: Color shaded relief map of the Great Basin, created by Gary Oppliger

Description: Color shaded relief map of the Great Basin, TIFF Image, 330 m cell size.

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yngft.shp (shapefile):

Title: Young faults in Nevada, modified slightly from the version available from the USGS DDS-41 Great Basin Database (Raines et al., 1996).

Description: Cenozoic faults mapped on high-altitude photography by Dohrenwend (1996). See Dohrenwend (1996) or documentation in Raines et al. (1996) for more details. If the “yngflt41.avl” legend file is used for color-coding these faults, then late Pleistocene and younger faults will be colored according to their strike orientation relative to a N28W direction of relative motion between the Sierra Nevada block and the Great Basin (as measured by GPS stations); where red = 0 to 15 degrees from perpendicular to N28W (almost perpendicular to N28W), orange = 15 to 30 degrees from perpendicular, green = 30 to 45 degrees from perpendicular to N28W, and blue = 45-90 degrees from perpendicular (more nearly parallel to N28W than perpendicular).

References:

Coolbaugh, M.F., Taranik, J.V., Raines, G.L., Shevenell, L.A., Sawatzky, D.L., Minor, T.B., and Bedell, R., 2002, A geothermal GIS for Nevada: defining regional controls and favorable exploration terrains for extensional geothermal systems; Proceedings, Annual Meeting, Reno, NV., Sept. 22-25, 2002, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 26, p. 485-490.

Dohrenwend, J.C., Schell, B.A., Menges, C.M., Moring, B.C. and McKittrick, M.A., 1996, Reconnaissance photogeologic map of young (Quaternary and Late Tertiary) faults in Nevada, in Singer, D.A., 1996, ed., An Analysis of Nevada's Metal-Bearing Mineral Resources: Nevada Bureau Mines and Geology, Open-File Report 96-2, p. 9-1 to 9-12.

Raines, G.L., Sawatzky, D.L., and Connors, K.A., 1996, Great Basin Geoscience Data Base; USGS Digital Data Series DDS-041.

Description of fields in the attribute table database:

Length: length of fault in meters

Flt_type: type of fault, including age where known

Linazimuth: average azimuth of fault

Linlength: length of fault in meters

Extension: Difference between average azimuth of fault and N52E (N52E is perpendicular to a N28W direction of relative motion between the Sierra Nevada block and the Great Basin). Only late Pleistocene and younger faults have this value calculated. For older faults or faults without an age designation, a value of “100” has been entered in this field.

Caveat: This data is for general informational purposes only and neither the University of Nevada, Reno, nor its affiliated organizations take any responsibility for its contents. Further, it is emphasized that these are regional scale maps only, and local conditions may vary considerably over that indicated by this information.

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nvcinder.shp (shapefile):

Title: Cinder cones in Nevada, 0 to 6 Ma, from USGS DDS-41 Great Basin Database (Raines et al., 1996).

Description: Original data source is Stewart and Carlson (1976). See description in Raines et al. (1996) for more details.

References for this shapefile:

Raines, G.L., Sawatzky, D.L., and Connors, K.A., 1996, Great Basin Geoscience Data Base; USGS Digital Data Series DDS-041.

Stewart, J.H. and Carlson, J.E., 1976, Cenozoic rocks of Nevada – four maps and brief description, lithology, age, and centers of volcanism: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 52, 4 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.

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rad_age.shp (shapefile):

Title: Radiometric age dates from the Great Basin, modified slightly from the version available from the USGS DDS-41 Great Basin Database (Raines et al., 1996).

Description: USGS radiometric age dates compiled by Mark Mihalasky in 1985. A few published Quaternary volcanic age dates for Nevada have been added, based on a literature search in 2000 by Mark Coolbaugh. For more details, see Raines et al. (1996).

Reference for this shapefile:

Raines, G.L., Sawatzky, D.L., and Connors, K.A., 1996, Great Basin Geoscience Data Base; USGS Digital Data Series DDS-041.

Description of fields in the attribute table database: Two fields have been added to this database. They are:

Class_des: This field groups dates less than 1.5Ma by rock composition. “<= 1.5 Ma” designates dates less than or equal to 1.5 Ma excluding dates on silicic volcanic rocks; “> 1.5 Ma” designates all dates greater than 1.5 Ma; and “rhyo <= 1.5 Ma” designates silicic volcanic rocks with dates less than or equal to 1.5 Ma.

Volcanic: The value is “YES” only if the “Class_des” field is “<= 1.5 Ma” AND the date is from a volcanic rock. (Some dates in the database are from hydrothermally altered rocks and don’t necessarily reflect the age of the host rock).

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gpspts02.shp (shapefile):

Title: Location of Global Positioning System (GPS) stations used to estimate crustal strain rates in the grids “ExtMax”, “ShearMax”, and “2nd_Inv”.

References for this grid:

Blewitt, G., Coolbaugh, M.F., Holt, W., Kreemer, C., Davis, J.L., and Bennett, R.A., 2002, Targeting of potential geothermal resources in the Great Basin from regional relationships between geodetic strain and geological structures: Proceedings, Annual Meeting, Reno, NV., Sept. 22-25, 2002, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 26, p. 523-525.

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2nd_Inv (grid):

Title: An estimate of the total magnitude of crustal strain in Nevada (2^nd invariant of the strain rate), independent of fault orientation. Based on GPS station measurements of crustal motion. Calculations were completed during 2002.

Description and Methodology: Warmer colors (if the “2nd_inv.avl” file is used for color coding) indicate progressively greater rates of crustal strain. Units of strain are mm/yr/1000 km. A regional strain rate field, including all strain matrix components, was calculated from all available GPS stations in the Great Basin (Blewitt, et al., 2002).

Reference for this grid:

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ExtMax (grid):

Title: Estimated maximum-likelihood interseismic extensional strain rate perpendicular to Quaternary faults in Nevada, with fault strike coherence equal to 1. Crustal strain rate based on GPS station measurements.

Description and Methodology: Warmer colors (if the “extmax.avl” file is used for color coding) indicate progressively greater rates of extensional strain perpendicular to the Quaternary fault fabric. Units of strain are mm/yr/1000 km. Calculations are based on maximum likelihood orientation of Quaternary faults (coherence set equal to 1). A regional strain rate field, including all strain matrix components, was calculated from all available GPS stations in the Great Basin (and beyond). That strain rate field was intersected with a map showing the dominant azimuth of Quaternary faults in Nevada, prepared from a Quaternary fault map provided by Craig DePolo of the NBMG (Blewitt, et al., 2002; dePolo and Anderson, 2000).

References for this grid:

dePolo, C.M. and Anderson, J.G., 2000, Estimating the slip rates of normal faults in the Great Basin, USA: Basin Research, v. 12, p. 227-240.

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ShearMax (grid):

Title: Shear component of estimated interseismic extensional strain rate perpendicular to Quaternary faults in Nevada, with fault strike coherence equal to 1 (maximum likelihood). Crustal strain rate based on GPS station measurements. Based on calculations completed during 2002.

Description and Methodology: Darker shades of blue (if the “shearmax.avl” file is used for color coding) indicate progressively greater rates of shear-induced extensional strain perpendicular to the Quaternary fault fabric. Units of strain are mm/yr/1000 km. Calculations are based on maximum likelihood orientation of Quaternary faults (coherence set equal to 1). A regional strain rate field, including all strain matrix components, was calculated from all available GPS stations in the Great Basin (and beyond). That strain rate field was intersected with a map showing the dominant azimuth of Quaternary faults in Nevada, prepared from a Quaternary fault map provided by Craig DePolo of the NBMG (Blewitt, et al., 2002; dePolo and Anderson, 2000).

References for this grid:

dePolo, C.M. and Anderson, J.G., 2000, Estimating the slip rates of normal faults in the Great Basin, USA: Basin Research, v. 12, p. 227-240.

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GBshall (grid):

Title: Shallow Crustal Residual Gravity Anomaly for the Great Basin compiled by Gary Oppliger.

Description: This is a shallow crustal residual calculated by removing broad regional anomaly patterns without regard to source. It emphasizes density changes in the upper few kilometers of the crust, and is best for showing basin patterns. For details, see the geophysics web site of Gary Oppliger at:

http://able1.mines.unr.edu/Geophysics_website/Greatbasin_geophysics1/index.htm

Data Sources:

- National Geodetic Survey (NGS) 1999 gravity database from NGDC Gravity Data 1999 CD-ROM.

- USGS DDS-42 Gravity Map of Nevada Ponce Nevada 1997.

- Recent western Nevada surveys previously compiled by Oppliger 2002.

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NBMGiso (grid):

Title: Basement Isostatic Residual Gravity Field for Nevada.

Description: This field was calculated by estimating the effect caused by variations in thickness of Cenozoic deposits on the observed isostatic residual gravity field, then removing it to derive a basement isostatic residual gravity field. For details, see Jachens et al. (1996). This grid was converted from a shapefile obtained from the web site of the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology at:

http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/ofr962/index.htm

Reference for this shapefile:

Jachens, R.C., Moring, B.C., and Schruben, P.G., 1996, Thickness of Cenozoic deposits and the isostatic residual gravity over basement (Chapter 2); in Singer, D.A., ed., An Analysis of Nevada’s Metal Bearing Mineral Resources: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 96-2.

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Moment1 (grid):

Title: Earthquake moment release map for the Great Basin.

Description: The earthquakes that occurred in the earthquake catalog (ANSS) were put into the equation for moment release:

log (Mo)= 1.5*Mw + 16.1

where Mw is the moment magnitude and Mo is the moment release in dyne-cm (Bolt, 1999) These values were added inside their respective 0.1-degree grids, logarithmically normalized and smoothed to 0.3-degree grids.

The moment release map encompasses far broader regions of high values than does the earthquake count map. It is important to keep in mind that the broad character of this map is due to the smoothing of the data and may not reflect an actual broadening of moment release. Some areas of high earthquake frequency, however will display relatively higher numbers when compared with the earthquake count map. The Long Valley Caldera appears very clearly along with the Central Nevada Seismic Belt. The northern part of the Walker Lane also shows up much more clearly than in the earthquake count map. The Southern Nevada Seismic Belt is far more obvious in the moment release map than the earthquake count map. The Wasatch Front, though, is actually deaccentuated due to the low moment magnitude of earthquakes in this area.

Reference for this shapefile: This map was prepared by Wes Thelen and John Louie at the Seismological Laboratory at the University of Nevada, Reno.

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economic.shp (shapefile):

Title: Location of Economic or Subeconomic Geothermal Systems in Nevada.

Description: This is a listing of geothermal systems in Nevada that are either currently producing electrical power, or have produced at least some high-temperature fluids > 150°C from geothermal wells, as described by Edmiston and Benoit (1984).

References for this shapefile:

Edmiston, R.C. and Benoit, W.R., 1984, Characteristics of basin and range geothermal systems with fluid temperatures of 150° to 200° C: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 8, p. 417-424.

Description of fields in the attribute table database:

Id: identification number

Name: name of geothermal system or hot springs

Power: Megawatts of electrical energy capacity (figures from Nevada Division of Minerals Geothermal Update of March, 2003.

County: county of location

Name_2: secondary name the geothermal system may be known by

Class_4: Classed according to maximum temperature (Max_temp): ³ 160°C = high, 100-159°C = medium, 70-99°C = low, 37-69°C = warm.

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geoHGB_0.shp (shapefile):

Title: Geo-Heat Center Geochemistry Database for the Great Basin.

Description: Documentation for this file is provided at:
GeoT_1st_Run\GeoHeat_intro_v2.htm

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geosysNV.shp (shapefile):

Title: Geothermal systems in Nevada with geothermometry.

Description: This is a specialized, reduced set of geochemical data on hot springs and geothermal systems of Nevada designed to be used for spatial statistical analysis. This data set has been used to assess correlations between geothermal systems in Nevada and geological, geochemical, and geophysical phenomena. One of the more distinctive features of this data set is the fact that no two data points lie less than 10 kilometers from each other. This restriction was imposed in order to minimize distortions in statistics when large numbers of individual spring or well analyses exist for a single “geothermal system”.

Methods of calculating the Na-K-Ca-Mg and SiO2 geothermometers are the same as those used by Mariner et al. (1983, see below).

Selection Criteria:

This shapefile contains all geothermal systems in Nevada that fit the following restrictive criteria:

1) Unless measured temperatures were ³ 100 °C, no geothermal system was included if geothermometer estimates were not available.

2) A minimum distance of 10 km between geothermal systems was required. Higher temperature systems had preference over lower temperature systems where two candidates occurred less than 10 km apart.

3) Oil wells greater than 500 meters in depth were not used, because in many of them, temperatures don’t appreciably exceed the regional gradient.

Reference for this shapefile: Coolbaugh, M.F., Taranik, J.V., Raines, G.L., Shevenell, L.A., Sawatzky, D.L., Minor, T.B., and Bedell, R., 2002, A geothermal GIS for Nevada: defining regional controls and favorable exploration terrains for extensional geothermal systems; Proceedings, Annual Meeting, Reno, NV., Sept. 22-25, 2002, Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 26, p. 485-490.

Description of fields in the attribute table database:

Id: identification number

Name: name of geothermal system or hot springs

State: state of location

Type: type of energy produced, if any

Source: first or principal reference

County: county of location

Name_2: secondary name the geothermal system may be known by

Class_4: Classed according to maximum temperature (Max_temp): ³ 160°C = high, 100-159°C = medium, 70-99°C = low, 37-69°C = warm.

Mw_e: Megawatts of electric power generating capacity

Max_meas_t: Maximum measured temperature (°C)

Geotherm_t: Average of silica and Na-K-Ca-Mg geothermometer temperature estimates (°C). Methods of calculating the Na-K-Ca-Mg and SiO2 geothermometers are the same as those used by Mariner et al. (1983, see below).

Max_temp: Greater of maximum measured temperature (Max_meas_t) and geothermometer estimated temperature (Geotherm_t) (°C).

Sources of Data:

Geothermal systems and hot springs:

Blackett, R. and Wakefield, S., 2002, Geothermal Resources of Utah: Utah Geological Survey Open-File Report 397

Blackwell, D., 1983, SMU geothermal web site: http://www.smu.edu/geothermal/.

Garside, L., 1994, Nevada low-temperature geothermal resource assessment: 1994: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Open File Report 94-2.

Geo-Heat Center, 2002, Geo-Heat Center State Geothermal Databases: Oregon Institute of Technology, 3201 Campus Drive, Klamath Falls, OR 97601; http://geoheat.oit.edu

Geothermal Resources of California, 1980, California Geologic Data Map Series Map No. 4 (DOE funded)

Geothermal Resources of Idaho, 1980, Idaho Department of Water Resources Water Information Bulletin No. 30, Plate 1 (DOE funded)

Geothermal Resources of Oregon, 1982, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOE funded)

Geothermal Resources of Utah, 1980, Utah Geological and Mineral Survey (DOE funded)

Shevenell, L., Garside, L.J., and Hess, R.H., 2000, Nevada Geothermal Resources: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Map 126.

Geothermometry:

Garside, L., 1994, Nevada low-temperature geothermal resource assessment: 1994: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Open File Report 94-2.

Mariner, R.H., Presser, T.S., and Evans, W.C., 1983, Geochemistry of active geothermal systems in the northern Basin and Range province: Geothermal Resources Council, Special Report No. 13, p. 95-119.

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power_plants.shp (shapefile):

Title: Geothermal Power plants in the Great Basin.

Description: Contains all electric-power producing power plants in the Great Basin as of March, 2003.

Description of fields in the attribute table database:

Id: Identification number

Name: Name of power plant or location

Power: Rated capacity in Megawatts. Source of data for Nevada power plants is the Nevada Division of Minerals Geothermal Update of March, 2003.

Mag_ext: Classification of geothermal system. Mag = “Magmatic” geothermal system, meaning that the source of heat is believed to be a magma at depth or a recently solidified intrusion at depth. Ext = “Extensional” geothermal system, meaning that the source of heat is believed to be the earth’s crust, and that the reason the water is high-temperature is because of active faults which allow groundwaters to penetrate deeply into the crust, where a high temperature gradient can heat the waters to high temperatures.

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nwis_depth_NV.shp (shapefile):

Title: Depth to groundwater (measured in feet) in water wells from the National Water Information System (NWIS) database maintained by the USGS.

Description: This database contains 8,210 records of water depth in Nevada downloaded from the NWIS web site at: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/ in July, 2002. For more details on the descriptions of fields in the database beyond what is described below, see the NWIS web site.

Selection Criteria:

When multiple water depth records existed for individual wells, the oldest record was selected.

Source of data: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/

Description of fields in the attribute table database:

Name: the name is based on the latitude and longitude.

Dm1: datum

Elev: elevation of well in feet above sea level.

Dma: elevation datum
Depth: water level in well measured in feet.

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NV_LR5 (grid):

Title: A predictive model of regional favorability for high-temperature geothermal systems (³160°C) in Nevada, using geological and geophysical evidence unaffected by the depth and characteristics of groundwater or the presence of shallow impermeable rock layers.

Description and Methodology: This map provides one interpretation or point of view on the regional favorability for high-temperature geothermal systems in Nevada. It draws on regional geological and geophysical data, and consequently can provide guidance for regional exploration efforts. It is not designed to guide detailed exploration on the scale of a Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA). The map layers used to build this model include: 1) northeast-trending young faults (from Dohrenwend); 2) strain rates perpendicular to young faults (from Blewitt), 3) young volcanic rocks £ 1.5 Ma; 4) map of summed earthquake magnitudes; and 5) the basement gravity map from NBMG open file report 96-2. These five map layers were combined using logistic regression.

Reference for this grid:

Coolbaugh, M., 2003, Regional Geologic Controls, Geochemical Characteristics, and Thermal Infrared Signatures of Geothermal Systems of the Great Basin: GSN Newsletter (Geological Society of Nevada), v. 17, n. 1, p. 3. Powerpoint file with explanatory text posted at: http://www.unr.edu/geothermal/meetingsandpresentations/meetings_pres_GSN_0103.html

Contact Information:

Please contact us if you have questions, comments, or suggestions concerning the posting and availability of this database. Mark Coolbaugh: mfc@unr.nevada.edu; tel: (775) 784-1415.