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Substance-using
Women and Drug-exposed Infants:
Module Two - Other Drugs |
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About This Module
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| Duration: 30 minutes |
| Estimates on the number and percentage of
newborns prenatally exposed to substances vary widely. While statistics differ, they
definitely point to the phenomenon of drug use among women of childbearing years and,
thus, pregnant women. With the exception of alcohol, the study of perinatal substance
exposure is relatively "young" and thereby cannot provide information regarding
the long term effects on adolescents and adults. Dr. Ira Chasnoff's longitudinal study
begun in 1986 addresses cocaine and the six year old, concluding that the cognitive
development of children primarily exposed to cocaine in utero is related to the
home environment and poverty rather than intrauterine cocaine exposure. However, results
from the Achenbach Behavioral Scale indicate that these same children have a higher
incidence of depression, social problems, thought disorders, problems attending,
delinquent behaviors and aggression than the children in the control group. |
| There is no safe time to ingest a
substance when pregnant, nor has there been the determination of a safe amount of a
substance that can be ingested. Conversely, it is never too late to discontinue substance
ingestion, being careful to avoid rapid cessation that can lead to withdrawal and possible
fetal demise. |
| Substance-using women may be at increased risk
of exposure to HIV and AIDS. Among women, the majority of AIDS cases are related to
injecting drugs or having sex with a partner who injects drugs. |
| This module provides information regarding the
continuum of effects of substance use on the developing fetus, the course of pregnancy,
labor and delivery, and postpartum care. The substances discussed are cocaine,
amphetamines, hallucinogens, marijuana, heroin and methadone. Although the effects of
substances are described individually, the reality is that polydrug use, i.e., ingesting
more than one substance in combination, is the norm. |
| The masters for transparencies are divided into
two sections. The first, overheads 2.23 to 2.28, cover merely an outline of the total
information available. They are to be used when the trainer has been allotted a limited
amount of time. If the trainer is allotted sufficient time to address the material in this
module thoroughly, overheads 2.23 to 2.63 are appropriate. |
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| Goal |
Participants will understand the possible effects of drug use in women of childbearing
years.
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| Objectives |
Participants will be able to:
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- Identify what constitutes potential risk from drug use by women/pregnant women;
- Describe the teratogenic effects of cocaine, amphetamines, and opioids;
- Identify the substance-using patient/client.
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| Teaching Activities |
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Overview: |
05 minutes |
| Didactic teaching, using the teaching
outline: |
25 minutes |
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| Preparation Checklist |
- _____ Read the recommended readings
- _____ Prepare overhead transparencies
- _____ Copy handouts
- _____ Set up required video equipment
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| Recommended Reading |
Prior to teaching this module the trainer should be thoroughly familiar with the
following:
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- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (1993). Pregnant and substance-using
women. (Treatment Improvement Protocol [TIP] Series, No. 2). J. Mitchell, consensus
panel chair. Rockville MD. (Chapter 1, Guidelines 4, 5, and 6).
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (1993). Improving treatment for drug-exposed
infant. (Treatment Improvement Protocol [TIP] Series, No. 5). S. Kandall, consensus
panel chair. Rockville MD. (Chapter 2).
- The March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. (1995). The March of Dimes substance
abuse curriculum for ob/gyns. White Plains NY. (Module 3).
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 University of Nevada, Reno
For information: CASAT
Page last updated May 05, 2001
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